Supporting Youth with Complex Needs
Written by Erin Bader
Supporting youth with complex needs requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both individual and environmental factors. Dr. Michael Unger provides extensive insights into working with children and youth with complex needs in Working with children and youth with complex needs: 20 skills to build resilience.
Here are some strategies that can be effective:
- Build Resilience: Focus on developing skills that enhance resilience in young people. This includes fostering social connections, teaching problem-solving skills, and promoting positive self-identity.
- Engage Extended Family: Involving the extended family can provide additional support and resources for the youth. It is important to engage them in the therapeutic process and consider their role in the youth’s life.
- Address Community Issues: Work to address issues of community violence, racism, and homophobia that may affect the youth. Creating a safe and supportive community environment is crucial for their well-being.
- Understand Maladaptive Coping Strategies: Recognize that some maladaptive coping strategies may be necessary for the youth’s survival in challenging environments. Help parents and teachers understand this as part of supporting the youth.
- Systemic Practices: Implement systemic practices that go beyond individual therapy. This includes working with schools, community organizations, and other stakeholders to create a supportive network around the youth.
- Customized Care: Provide high-quality, customized care that addresses the specific emotional and behavioral health needs of the youth. This may include short-term stays in residential treatment facilities when necessary.
- Reduce Congregate Care: Safely reduce the use of congregate care by shifting towards less restrictive, more family-like settings. This aligns with current trends and research advocating for the well-being of youth in care.
These strategies, among others, are part of a detailed framework developed by Dr. Unger. It is essential to tailor these strategies to the individual needs of each youth, ensuring that they receive the support and care necessary to thrive.
While addressing complex needs, we can also reduce their prevalence by improving systems of care that emphasize early intervention, prevention, and responsiveness to individual needs. The National Center can collaborate with States, Tribal Nations, and Territories to achieve these goals.
- Early Intervention and Prevention
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- Focus on Early Childhood: Investing in mental health support during early childhood can reduce the likelihood of more severe issues developing later. Programs like early childhood mental health consultations, parent training, and school-based interventions can identify and address emerging issues before they escalate.
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- Universal Screening: Regular mental health screenings in schools and community settings can help detect issues early. This allows for timely intervention, reducing the risk of these issues becoming more severe over time.
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- Promoting Mental Health Literacy: Educating parents, teachers, and the community about mental health can help in recognizing early warning signs and in reducing stigma, which encourages help-seeking behavior.
- Building Responsive Care Systems
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- Integrated Care Models: A coordinated approach that combines physical and mental health care can ensure that individuals receive comprehensive support. This can include models where primary care providers work alongside mental health professionals to provide holistic care.
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- Adoption Competent Care: Many young people with complex mental health needs have experienced separation, loss, and/or trauma. Adopting a competent approach ensures that care providers recognize and respond to the impact from these issues, fostering environments that promote safety and trust.
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- Cultural Competency: Care systems need to be responsive to the cultural, social, and economic contexts of those they serve. This means understanding the unique challenges faced by marginalized communities and providing care that respects their cultural identities and experiences.
- Strengthening Community-Based Supports
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- Community Mental Health Programs: Investing in community-based mental health services makes it easier for individuals to access help in their own neighborhoods. This can include drop-in centers, peer support groups, and mobile crisis units.
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- Collaboration with Schools and Community Organizations: Schools and local organizations can be vital partners in providing mental health support, offering counseling services, social-emotional learning programs, and safe spaces for youth.
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- Family-Centered Approaches: Engaging families in the care process ensures that they have the knowledge and skills to support their children at home, creating a stable and nurturing environment that promotes mental well-being.
- Policy and Systemic Changes
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- Funding and Resource Allocation: Increasing funding for mental health services, particularly for preventive programs, can ensure that more individuals receive the care they need before reaching a crisis point.
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- Reducing Barriers to Access: Simplifying access to care by reducing paperwork, providing transportation support, or offering telehealth options can make services more accessible. This is particularly important for rural or low-income communities.
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- Data and Outcome Tracking: Using data to track outcomes helps to refine and improve care systems. By identifying what works and where gaps exist, providers can adapt their approaches to be more effective over time.
- Creating a Culture of Mental Well-being
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- Public Awareness Campaigns: Addressing stigma through public awareness campaigns can normalize conversations about mental health, making it easier for people to seek help without fear of judgment.
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- Promoting Resilience and Coping Skills: Teaching skills like emotional regulation, stress management, and healthy coping strategies in schools and community programs can empower individuals to manage their mental health more effectively.
These strategies work best when they are implemented as part of a coordinated effort that includes policymakers, healthcare providers, schools, families, and community leaders. By focusing on prevention, building responsive care systems, and ensuring that support is accessible, we can reduce the prevalence of complex mental health needs and create a more resilient and healthy society.
For more resources on complex mental health needs of children in child welfare, check out our Knowledge Hub.